WebGPU：计算与渲染管线基础

概述WebGPU 提供现代图形与计算能力。流程包括请求适配器与设备、配置画布上下文、创建着色器与渲染管线，最后通过命令编码器提交绘制或计算工作。用法/示例const adapter = await navigator.gpu.requestAdapter()

const device = await adapter.requestDevice()

const canvas = document.querySelector('canvas')

const ctx = canvas.getContext('webgpu')

const format = navigator.gpu.getPreferredCanvasFormat()

ctx.configure({ device, format })

const shader = `

@vertex fn vs_main(@builtin(vertex_index) i : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {

var p = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(vec2<f32>(0.0, 0.5), vec2<f32>(-0.5, -0.5), vec2<f32>(0.5, -0.5));

return vec4<f32>(p[i], 0.0, 1.0);

}

@fragment fn fs_main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> { return vec4<f32>(0.31, 0.27, 0.90, 1.0); }

`

const module = device.createShaderModule({ code: shader })

const pipeline = device.createRenderPipeline({

layout: 'auto',

vertex: { module, entryPoint: 'vs_main' },

fragment: { module, entryPoint: 'fs_main', targets: [{ format }] }

})

const encoder = device.createCommandEncoder()

const pass = encoder.beginRenderPass({

colorAttachments: [{ view: ctx.getCurrentTexture().createView(), loadOp: 'clear', storeOp: 'store', clearValue: { r: 1, g: 1, b: 1, a: 1 } }]

})

pass.setPipeline(pipeline)

pass.draw(3)

pass.end()

device.queue.submit([encoder.finish()])

工程建议检测支持性并提供回退（WebGL 或静态渲染）。对着色器与缓冲进行复用与资源生命周期管理，避免频繁创建。使用性能分析工具与标记定位瓶颈，合理划分渲染/计算工作。参考与验证MDN：WebGPU API — https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/WebGPU_APIweb.dev：WebGPU — https://web.dev/articles/webgpuW3C GPUWeb — https://www.w3.org/community/gpuweb/