深入 WebAssembly：从字节码虚拟机到云原生运行时实战

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e%0a++++let+gray%3a+GrayImage+%3d+imageops%3a%3agrayscale(%26amp%3bimg.to_rgba8())%3b%0a++++%0a++++%2f%2f+3.+Sobel+%e7%ae%97%e5%ad%90%e8%be%b9%e7%bc%98%e6%a3%80%e6%b5%8b%0a++++let+(width%2c+height)+%3d+gray.dimensions()%3b%0a++++let+mut+edge+%3d+GrayImage%3a%3anew(width%2c+height)%3b%0a++++%0a++++let+sobel_x%3a+%5b%5bi32%3b+3%5d%3b+3%5d+%3d+%5b%5b-1%2c+0%2c+1%5d%2c+%5b-2%2c+0%2c+2%5d%2c+%5b-1%2c+0%2c+1%5d%5d%3b%0a++++let+sobel_y%3a+%5b%5bi32%3b+3%5d%3b+3%5d+%3d+%5b%5b-1%2c+-2%2c+-1%5d%2c+%5b0%2c+0%2c+0%5d%2c+%5b1%2c+2%2c+1%5d%5d%3b%0a++++%0a++++for+y+in+1..height+-+1+%7b%0a++++++++for+x+in+1..width+-+1+%7b%0a++++++++++++let+mut+gx+%3d+0i32%3b%0a++++++++++++let+mut+gy+%3d+0i32%3b%0a++++++++++++for+ky+in+0..3+%7b%0a++++++++++++++++for+kx+in+0..3+%7b%0a++++++++++++++++++++let+pixel+%3d+gray.get_pixel(x+%2b+kx+-+1%2c+y+%2b+ky+-+1)%5b0%5d+as+i32%3b%0a++++++++++++++++++++gx+%2b%3d+pixel+*+sobel_x%5bky%5d%5bkx%5d%3b%0a++++++++++++++++++++gy+%2b%3d+pixel+*+sobel_y%5bky%5d%5bkx%5d%3b%0a++++++++++++++++%7d%0a++++++++++++%7d%0a++++++++++++let+magnitude+%3d+((gx+*+gx+%2b+gy+*+gy)+as+f64).sqrt().min(255.0)+as+u8%3b%0a++++++++++++edge.put_pixel(x%2c+y%2c+Luma(%5bmagnitude%5d))%3b%0a++++++++%7d%0a++++%7d%0a++++%0a++++%2f%2f+4.+%e7%bc%96%e7%a0%81%e4%b8%ba+PNG+%e8%be%93%e5%87%ba%0a++++let+mut+output+%3d+Vec%3a%3anew()%3b%0a++++edge.write_to(%26amp%3bmut+std%3a%3aio%3a%3aCursor%3a%3anew(%26amp%3bmut+output)%2c+image%3a%3aImageFormat%3a%3aPng)%0a++++++++.expect(%22failed+to+encode+PNG%22)%3b%0a++++output%0a%7d%0a%0a%23%5bwasm_bindgen%5d%0apub+fn+allocate(size%3a+usize)+-%26gt%3b+*mut+u8+%7b%0a++++let+mut+buf+%3d+Vec%3a%3awith_capacity(size)%3b%0a++++let+ptr+%3d+buf.as_mut_ptr()%3b%0a++++std%3a%3amem%3a%3aforget(buf)%3b+%2f%2f+%e9%98%b2%e6%ad%a2+Rust+%e9%87%8a%e6%94%be%0a++++ptr%0a%7d%0a%0a%23%5bwasm_bindgen%5d%0apub+fn+deallocate(ptr%3a+*mut+u8%2c+size%3a+usize)+%7b%0a++++unsafe+%7b%0a++++++++let+_+%3d+Vec%3a%3afrom_raw_parts(ptr%2c+0%2c+size)%3b%0a++++%7d%0a%7d%3c%2fcode%3e%3c%2fpre%3e%0a%0a%3cp%3e%3cstrong%3eJavaScript+%e5%ae%bf%e4%b8%bb%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8%ef%bc%9a%3c%2fstrong%3e%3c%2fp%3e%0a%0a%3cpre%3e%3ccode%3eimport+init%2c+%7b+sobel_edge_detect%2c+allocate%2c+deallocate+%7d+from+%27.%2fpkg%2fimg_pipeline.js%27%3b%0a%0aawait+init()%3b%0a%0a%2f%2f+%e8%af%bb%e5%8f%96%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%0aconst+file+%3d+document.querySelector(%27input%5btype%3dfile%5d%27).files%5b0%5d%3b%0aconst+arrayBuffer+%3d+await+file.arrayBuffer()%3b%0aconst+jpegData+%3d+new+Uint8Array(arrayBuffer)%3b%0a%0a%2f%2f+%e4%bc%a0%e9%80%92%e5%88%b0+WASM+%e7%ba%bf%e6%80%a7%e5%86%85%e5%ad%98%0aconst+ptr+%3d+allocate(jpegData.length)%3b%0aconst+wasmMem+%3d+new+Uint8Array(memory.buffer)%3b%0awasmMem.set(jpegData%2c+ptr)%3b%0a%0a%2f%2f+%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%ef%bc%88%e6%b3%a8%e6%84%8f%ef%bc%9a%e5%ae%9e%e9%99%85%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8+wasm-bindgen+%e7%94%9f%e6%88%90%e7%9a%84%e7%bb%91%e5%ae%9a%e5%8f%af%e7%ae%80%e5%8c%96%e6%ad%a4%e6%ad%a5%ef%bc%89%0aconst+resultPtr+%3d+sobel_edge_detect(wasmMem.slice(ptr%2c+ptr+%2b+jpegData.length))%3b%0adeallocate(ptr%2c+jpegData.length)%3b%0a%0a%2f%2f+%e6%98%be%e7%a4%ba%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%9c%0aconst+blob+%3d+new+Blob(%5bresultPtr%5d%2c+%7b+type%3a+%27image%2fpng%27+%7d)%3b%0aconst+url+%3d+URL.createObjectURL(blob)%3b%0adocument.querySelector(%27%23output%27).src+%3d+url%3b%3c%2fcode%3e%3c%2fpre%3e%0a%0a%3cp%3e%e5%ae%9e%e6%b5%8b%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8+M1+MacBook+Air+%e4%b8%8a%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e4%b8%80%e5%bc%a0+1920%c3%971080+%e7%9a%84+JPEG+%e5%9b%be%e5%83%8f%ef%bc%8c%e7%ba%af+JavaScript+%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e9%9c%80%e8%a6%81+%7e850ms%ef%bc%8c%e8%80%8c+WASM+%e7%89%88%e6%9c%ac%e4%bb%85%e9%9c%80+%7e240ms%ef%bc%8c%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e6%af%94%e7%ba%a6+3.5%c3%97%e3%80%82%e9%9a%8f%e7%9d%80%e5%9b%be%e5%83%8f%e5%88%86%e8%be%a8%e7%8e%87%e6%8f%90%e5%8d%87%ef%bc%8c%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e6%af%94%e8%bf%98%e4%bc%9a%e8%bf%9b%e4%b8%80%e6%ad%a5%e5%a2%9e%e5%a4%a7%ef%bc%8c%e5%9b%a0%e4%b8%ba+WASM+%e9%81%bf%e5%85%8d%e4%ba%86+JS+%e7%9a%84+GC+%e5%81%9c%e9%a1%bf%e5%92%8c%e5%8a%a8%e6%80%81%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b%e6%a3%80%e6%9f%a5%e3%80%82%3c%2fp%3e%0a%0a%3ch2%3e8.+%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%e4%ba%8c%ef%bc%9a%e5%9f%ba%e4%ba%8e+Wasmtime+%e7%9a%84%e6%8f%92%e4%bb%b6%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%3c%2fh2%3e%0a%0a%3cp%3e%e5%9c%a8%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e7%ab%af%e5%9c%ba%e6%99%af%ef%bc%8cWASM+%e6%9c%80%e6%bf%80%e5%8a%a8%e4%ba%ba%e5%bf%83%e7%9a%84%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e6%98%af%3cstrong%3e%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e3%80%81%e5%8f%af%e5%8a%a8%e6%80%81%e5%8a%a0%e8%bd%bd%e7%9a%84%e6%8f%92%e4%bb%b6%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%3c%2fstrong%3e%e3%80%82%e6%88%91%e4%bb%ac%e7%94%a8+Wasmtime%ef%bc%88Rust+%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%ef%bc%89%e6%9e%84%e5%bb%ba%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa+Markdown+%e6%b8%b2%e6%9f%93%e5%bc%95%e6%93%8e%ef%bc%8c%e5%85%81%e8%ae%b8%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%89%e6%96%b9%e7%94%a8%e4%bb%bb%e6%84%8f%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e7%bc%96%e5%86%99%e6%b8%b2%e6%9f%93%e6%8f%92%e4%bb%b6%e3%80%82%3c%2fp%3e%0a%0a%3cp%3e%3cstrong%3e%e6%8f%92%e4%bb%b6%e6%8e%a5%e5%8f%a3%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89%ef%bc%9a%3c%2fstrong%3e%3c%2fp%3e%0a%0a%3cpre%3e%3ccode%3e%2f%2f+plugin-interface.rs%0apub+trait+RendererPlugin%3a+Send+%2b+Sync+%7b%0a++++fn+name(%26amp%3bself)+-%26gt%3b+%26amp%3bstr%3b%0a++++fn+render(%26amp%3bself%2c+markdown%3a+%26amp%3bstr)+-%26gt%3b+Result%26lt%3bString%2c+Plugin%26gt%3b%3b%0a%7d%0a%0ause+wasmtime%3a%3a*%3b%0a%0apub+fn+load_plugin(wasm_path%3a+%26amp%3bstr)+-%26gt%3b+Result%26lt%3bBox%26lt%3bdyn+RendererPlugin%26gt%3b%26gt%3b+%7b%0a++++let+engine+%3d+Engine%3a%3adefault()%3b%0a++++let+module+%3d+Module%3a%3afrom_file(%26amp%3bengine%2c+wasm_path)%3f%3b%0a++++%0a++++let+mut+store+%3d+Store%3a%3anew(%26amp%3bengine%2c+())%3b%0a++++let+instance+%3d+Instance%3a%3anew(%26amp%3bmut+store%2c+%26amp%3bmodule%2c+%26amp%3b%5b%5d)%3f%3b%0a++++%0a++++let+memory+%3d+instance.get_memory(%26amp%3bmut+store%2c+%22memory%22)%0a++++++++.ok_or(%22plugin+must+export+%27memory%27%22)%3f%3b%0a++++let+render_fn+%3d+instance.get_typed_func%3a%3a%26lt%3b(i32%2c+i32)%2c+i32%26gt%3b(%26amp%3bmut+store%2c+%22render%22)%3f%3b%0a++++%0a++++Ok(Box%3a%3anew(WasmRenderer+%7b%0a++++++++store%2c+memory%2c+render_fn%2c%0a++++%7d))%0a%7d%0a%0astruct+WASMRenderer%26lt%3b%27a%26gt%3b+%7b%0a++++store%3a+Store%26lt%3b()%26gt%3b%2c%0a++++memory%3a+Memory%2c%0a++++render_fn%3a+TypedFunc%26lt%3b(i32%2c+i32)%2c+i32%26gt%3b%2c%0a%7d%0a%0aimpl%26lt%3b%27a%26gt%3b+RendererPlugin+for+WASMRenderer%26lt%3b%27a%26gt%3b+%7b%0a++++fn+render(%26amp%3bself%2c+markdown%3a+%26amp%3bstr)+-%26gt%3b+Result%26lt%3bString%2c+Plugin%26gt%3b+%7b%0a++++++++let+bytes+%3d+markdown.as_bytes()%3b%0a++++++++let+alloc_size+%3d+bytes.len()%3b%0a++++++++%0a++++++++%2f%2f+%e5%9c%a8+WASM+%e5%86%85%e5%ad%98%e4%b8%ad%e5%88%86%e9%85%8d%e7%a9%ba%e9%97%b4%e5%b9%b6%e5%86%99%e5%85%a5%e8%be%93%e5%85%a5%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%0a++++++++let+ptr+%3d+self.alloc(alloc_size)%3b%0a++++++++self.memory.write(%26amp%3bmut+self.store%2c+ptr%2c+bytes).unwrap()%3b%0a++++++++%0a++++++++%2f%2f+%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8%e6%8f%92%e4%bb%b6%e7%9a%84+render+%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%0a++++++++let+result_ptr+%3d+self.render_fn.call(%26amp%3bmut+self.store%2c+(ptr+as+i32%2c+alloc_size+as+i32))%0a++++++++++++.map_err(%7ce%7c+Plugin%3a%3aRuntime(e.to_string()))%3f%3b%0a++++++++%0a++++++++%2f%2f+%e8%af%bb%e5%8f%96%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%9c%0a++++++++let+result_html+%3d+self.read_string(result_ptr+as+usize)%3b%0a++++++++Ok(result_html)%0a++++%7d%0a%7d%3c%2fcode%3e%3c%2fpre%3e%0a%0a%3cp%3e%e5%ae%8c%e6%95%b4%e7%9a%84%e7%94%9f%e4%ba%a7%e7%ba%a7%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e8%bf%98%e9%9c%80%e8%a6%81%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e5%86%85%e5%ad%98%e5%a2%9e%e9%95%bf%e3%80%81%e5%ae%9e%e4%be%8b%e9%9a%94%e7%a6%bb%e3%80%81%e7%83%ad%e6%9b%b4%e6%96%b0%e3%80%81%e8%b5%84%e6%ba%90%e9%99%90%e9%a2%9d%e7%ad%89%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98%e3%80%82%e6%a0%b8%e5%bf%83%e5%8e%9f%e5%88%99%e6%98%af%ef%bc%9a%3cstrong%3e%e6%af%8f%e4%b8%aa%e6%8f%92%e4%bb%b6%e8%bf%90%e8%a1%8c%e5%9c%a8%e7%8b%ac%e7%ab%8b%e7%9a%84+Store+%e4%b8%ad%3c%2fstrong%3e%ef%bc%8c%e4%b8%80%e6%97%a6%e6%9f%90%e4%b8%aa%e6%8f%92%e4%bb%b6%e5%b4%a9%e6%ba%83%ef%bc%88%e5%a6%82%e8%a7%a6%e5%8f%91+OOM+%e6%88%96%e6%ad%bb%e5%be%aa%e7%8e%af%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%8c%e5%ae%bf%e4%b8%bb%e7%a8%8b%e5%ba%8f%e5%8f%af%e4%bb%a5%e9%80%9a%e8%bf%87%e7%87%83%e6%96%99%e6%9c%ba%e5%88%b6%ef%bc%88fuel+metering%ef%bc%89%e5%8f%8a%e6%97%b6%e7%bb%88%e6%ad%a2%e5%ae%83%ef%bc%8c%e4%b8%8d%e5%bd%b1%e5%93%8d%e5%85%b6%e4%bb%96%e6%8f%92%e4%bb%b6%e3%80%82%3c%2fp%3e%0a%0a%3ch2%3e9.+%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%e4%b8%89%ef%bc%9aWASM+%e5%ae%b9%e5%99%a8%e5%8c%96%e4%b8%8e+Docker%3c%2fh2%3e%0a%0a%3cp%3e%e4%bb%8e+Docker+Desktop+4.25%2b+%e5%bc%80%e5%a7%8b%ef%bc%8c%e5%ae%98%e6%96%b9%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81+%3ccode%3e--runtime%3dio.containerd.wasmtime.v1%3c%2fcode%3e+%e6%a0%87%e5%bf%97%ef%bc%8c%e5%b0%86+WASM+%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97%e4%bd%9c%e4%b8%ba%e5%ae%b9%e5%99%a8%e8%bf%90%e8%a1%8c%e3%80%82%e4%b8%8e%e4%bc%a0%e7%bb%9f%e5%ae%b9%e5%99%a8%e7%9b%b8%e6%af%94%ef%bc%8cWASM+%e5%ae%b9%e5%99%a8%e6%9c%89%e4%b8%89%e5%a4%a7%e4%bc%98%e5%8a%bf%ef%bc%9a%3c%2fp%3e%0a%0a%3ctable%3e%0a%3cthead%3e%3ctr%3e%3cth%3e%e7%bb%b4%e5%ba%a6%3c%2fth%3e%3cth%3eDocker+%e5%ae%b9%e5%99%a8%ef%bc%88OCI%ef%bc%89%3c%2fth%3e%3cth%3eWASM+%e5%ae%b9%e5%99%a8%3c%2fth%3e%3c%2ftr%3e%3c%2fthead%3e%0a%3ctbody%3e%0a%3ctr%3e%3ctd%3e%e5%90%af%e5%8a%a8%e9%80%9f%e5%ba%a6%3c%2ftd%3e%3ctd%3e%7e200-500ms%3c%2ftd%3e%3ctd%3e%7e1-5ms%3c%2ftd%3e%3c%2ftr%3e%0a%3ctr%3e%3ctd%3e%e9%95%9c%e5%83%8f%e5%a4%a7%e5%b0%8f%3c%2ftd%3e%3ctd%3e%e9%80%9a%e5%b8%b8+50-200MB%3c%2ftd%3e%3ctd%3e%e9%80%9a%e5%b8%b8+0.5-5MB%3c%2ftd%3e%3c%2ftr%3e%0a%3ctr%3e%3ctd%3e%e9%9a%94%e7%a6%bb%e7%ba%a7%e5%88%ab%3c%2ftd%3e%3ctd%3enamespace+%2b+cgroup%3c%2ftd%3e%3ctd%3e%e7%ba%bf%e6%80%a7%e5%86%85%e5%ad%98%e6%b2%99%e7%ae%b1%ef%bc%88%e6%9b%b4%e4%b8%a5%e6%a0%bc%ef%bc%89%3c%2ftd%3e%3c%2ftr%3e%0a%3ctr%3e%3ctd%3e%e5%86%85%e6%a0%b8%e4%be%9d%e8%b5%96%3c%2ftd%3e%3ctd%3e%e9%9c%80%e8%a6%81+Linux+%e5%86%85%e6%a0%b8%3c%2ftd%3e%3ctd%3e%e6%97%a0%ef%bc%88%e7%ba%af%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e6%80%81%e8%bf%90%e8%a1%8c%ef%bc%89%3c%2ftd%3e%3c%2ftr%3e%0a%3ctr%3e%3ctd%3e%e9%80%82%e7%94%a8%e5%9c%ba%e6%99%af%3c%2ftd%3e%3ctd%3e%e9%80%9a%e7%94%a8%e6%9c%8d%e5%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