PostgreSQL 声明式分区(RANGE)与月度分区维护实践

创建分区主表： ``` CREATE TABLE events_part ( id bigserial PRIMARY KEY, ts timestamptz NOT NULL, payload jsonb NOT NULL ) PARTITION BY RANGE (ts); ``` 创建默认分区（兜底）： ``` CREATE TABLE events_default PARTITION OF events_part DEFAULT; ``` 创建月度分区： ``` CREATE TABLE events_2025_11 PARTITION OF events_part FOR VALUES FROM ('2025-11-01') TO ('2025-12-01'); CREATE TABLE events_2025_12 PARTITION OF events_part FOR VALUES FROM ('2025-12-01') TO ('2026-01-01'); ``` 查询与性能验证： ``` EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT count(*) FROM events_part WHERE ts >= '2025-11-01' AND ts < '2025-12-01'; ``` 后续维护（新增分区示例）： ``` CREATE TABLE events_2026_01 PARTITION OF events_part FOR VALUES FROM ('2026-01-01') TO ('2026-02-01'); ```